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» Resources / Case Studies
  Guidance for the Auditors of Small Public Companies
  This document was issued by PCAOB and provides guidance for the auditors of small public companies while conducting an audit of internal controls. Specific issues covered are scaling the audit based on company size and complexity, evaluating entity level controls, assessing the risk of management override of controls, obtaining competent evidence when the company has less formal documentation and so on.
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  How can Audit Standard 5 help your organization?
  This documents highlights critical changes implemented through the introduction of Audit Standard 5 by PCAOB.
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  Framework for Evaluating Control Exceptions and Deficiencies
  This paper outlines a suggested framework for evaluating exceptions and deficiencies resulting from the evaluation of a company’s internal control over financial reporting. The framework was developed by the representatives of nine major accounting firms with contribution from William F. Messier, Jr., Professor, Georgia State University. The framework represents a thought process that will require significant judgment. The objective of the framework is to assist knowledgeable and experienced individuals in evaluating deficiencies in a consistent manner.

Although this framework was developed and issued in December 2004 and prior to the introduction of Audit Standard 5, it provides an excellent tool to apply judgment while evaluating deficiencies. 
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  Periodic Reporting by Registered Public Accounting Firms
 

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board today adopted rules for annual and special reporting of information and events by accounting firms that are registered with the PCAOB.

Section 102(d) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 provides that each registered public accounting firm shall submit an annual report to the Board, and also may be required to report more frequently, to provide information specified by the Board.  The reporting requirements in the new rules are the first such requirements adopted by the Board. 

PCAOB Chairman Mark Olson said, “With today’s action, the Board is putting in place requirements that will ensure that fundamental information about each of the more than 1,800 firms registered with the PCAOB is kept up-to-date and that each firm promptly discloses certain significant events.  With this foundation in place, the Board can also, in the future, add other reporting and disclosure obligations that may appropriately serve the public interest.”

The reporting framework includes two types of reporting obligations. First, each registered firm must annually provide basic information about the firm and the firm's issuer-related practice over the most recent 12-month period.  Information to be reported annually includes, among other things, information about audit reports issued by the firm during the year, certain disciplinary history information about persons who have joined the firm, and information about fees billed to issuer audit clients, in various categories of services, as a percentage of the firm’s total fees billed.

Second, the rules and forms adopted by the Board identify certain events that, if they occur with respect to a registered firm, must be reported by the firm within 30 days.  These reportable events range from such things as a change in the firm’s name or contact information to the institution of certain types of legal, administrative, or disciplinary proceedings against a firm or certain categories of individuals.

The Board will make each firm’s annual and special reports available to the public on the Board’s Web site, subject to exceptions for information that satisfies specified criteria for confidential treatment.

The Board will submit the rules to the Securities and Exchange Commission for approval.  The rules will take effect 60 days after Commission approval.  Beginning then, firms will be subject to the special reporting obligations, with the earliest potential special reporting deadline for any firm being 90 days after Commission approval.  For all firms, the first annual report will be due by June 30, 2009, for the 12-month period ending March 31, 2009.

The Board plans to publish guidance for firms relating to compliance with the reporting requirements and interaction with the Board’s new Web-based system for reporting.

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  Entity Level Controls - TONE AT THE TOP
  Public companies have an increase responsibility of adopting and practicing the positive tone at the top. There are numerous ways a company can display that they intend to practice acceptable business practices. The atatched articles highlights some important entity level controls a company can implement to express positive tone at the top.
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